Named Transposition Surgeries

Superior HeCK

For SR:

          Helveston: with sclera

Callahan: MR/2 + LR/2

Knapp: MR + LR

Lateral HOJ

For LR:

          Hummelstein: SR + IR

          O’conors: SR + IR with LR cinch

          Jenson: SR/2 + IR/2

Mar Pet (mar-pit)

For MR:        

Peter’s: SO

Vergence Amplitude

cOnvergence amplitude: base Out prism

dIvergence amplitude: base In prism

(This is not difficult to understand once you apply logic, but here is a simple trick also)

FADEN operation

M for M, L for L

Most effective for MR

Least effective for LR

A and V patterns

VISA: V pattern IOOA, SOOA A pattern

MALE: for treatment, Medial rectus toward the Apex and Lateral rectus toward the Empty space

Actions of Superior oblique muscle

SOLID

Superior Oblique -

Lateral rotation (Abduction)

Intorsion

Depression

Nystagmus description

DWARF

Direction= plane of movement-horizontal, vertical

Waveform = Pendular or Jerky

Amplitude= fine or coarse

Rest= At primary position or gaze evoked

Frequency= How often the eye moves

Congenital nystagmus

CONGENITAL

Convergence & eye closure dampens

Oscillopsia absent

Null zone that is present, increases foveation time which results in increased acuity

Gaze poisition does not change the horizontal direction of nystagmus

Equal amplitude and frequency in each eye

Near acuity is good

Inversion of optokinetic response

Turning of head to acheive null point

Abolishes in sleep

Latent (occlusion) nystagmus occurs

Microtropia

3 A

Anisometropia

Angle small

Absent central field (Central suppression scotoma)

Crossed-Uncrossed Diplopia

eXotropia: X= crossed diplopia

esotropia: uncrossed diplopia

Uniocular diplopia

ABCD

Astigmatism
Behavioral: psychogenic
Cataract
Dislocated lens

DRS Types

Number of Ds equals the syndrome number

Type 1: abDuction

Type 2: aDDuction

Type 3: aDD and abDuction

Fourth nerve palsy

GOTS worse

Hypertropia Worse in

Gaze Opposite, Tilt Same

Anomalies of binocular vision

SACAD

Suppression

Amblyopia

Confusion

Abnormal retinal correspondence (ARC)

Diplopia

Rule of 6

6 months:

fixation reflex

macular stereopsis

accommodation reflex

6 years:

visual acuity (6/6)

binocular vision??

Squint management

ROOOP

Refraction

Occlusion

Orthoptics

Operative correction

Prism correction

Amblyopia Management

4O

Optical correction of refractive error

Occlusion therapy

Orthoptic exercise

Operative measures

Amblyopia Types

SAF-ON

Strabismic amblyopia

Anisometropic amblyopia

Form vision deprivation

Organic amblyopia

Nystagmus related amblyopia

Sagitalization and Desagitalization

Desagitalization Decreases Depression action of SO

And vice versa for sagitalization

Deviations of Eye

P for S, S for P

Primary deviation: Sound eye fixates

Secondary deviation: Paretic eye fixates

Exceptions to Law

·         Exception to Sherrington’s law: DRS

Exception to Hering’s law: DVD